College essay harvard
Interest In Welding Scholarship Essay Samples
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Research Proposal on Corporate Governance Essay Example
Examination Proposal on Corporate Governance Essay Corporate administration is the muddled arrangement of company the executives and depends on the connection of investors and chiefs of an organization, including the top managerial staff and other intrigued individuals who assist investors with securing their privileges. Besides, corporate administration is the arrangement of techniques and systems which assist investors with controlling the movement of the partnership and take care of different issues which can happen there. Corporate administration isn't constrained by the limits of jointâ -stock networks and capacities in the enterprises which have distinctive structure. Clearly the center state of corporate administration is the hierarchic administration structure, where all the chiefs of the lower rank are constrained by the administrators of the more elevated level. Obviously, corporate administration isn't associated with the operational administration and the strategies of the administration of an organization yet it has unquestionably become a piece of the key administration. Corporate administration is focused on the power over the movement and dynamic of the organization. In light of its convoluted structure corporate administration is a dubious marvel, since it attempts to fulfill the interests of the two sides: the executives of the organization and its investors, who ponder benefit. There are two unique models of corporate administration which point out the most powerful bodies in the action of an organization. The Anglo-à American model gives most of rights to the investors who control the movement of the enterprise through the capital market. The Continental model of administration gives more rights in dynamic and control to the top managerial staff of the organization. Each future master in business and the board ought to know about the structure and key purposes of corporate administration. At the point when an understudy has gotten intrigued by the issue of corporate administration, he can attempt to finish an effective exploration proposition on the theme and win the chance to compose an examination paper on it later. So as to finish a decent corporate administration research proposition one should concentrate on the intelligent structure and upâ -toâ -date substance of the paper. An understudy is relied upon to convince the educator that the point is important and worth consideration. One should locate the most thoughtâ -inciting inquiries so as to demonstrate that the theme is commendable and the examination can contribute into the improvement of the control. We will compose a custom paper test on Research Proposal on Corporate Governance explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Research Proposal on Corporate Governance explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Research Proposal on Corporate Governance explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The procedure of exploration proposition composing can not be called a simple one, in light of the fact that an understudy ought to have profound information on the subject and the guidelines of paper composing. With the assistance of the Internet and a free example research proposition on corporate administration in India an understudy can find out about the way toward composing based on the positive model. Each free model exploration proposition on corporate administration rehearses composed by a specialist can be within reach for each and every individual who experiences difficulties with research proposition composing. NOTE!!! All free example research recommendations and models on Corporate Governance are 100% appropriated, we are here to support you! EssayLib.com is a main examination proposition composing administration, which can offer you the arrangement you have been searching for. With a large number of composed examination papers and proposition for Masterââ¬â¢s and PhD degrees, we can give you precisely what you need at entirely moderate costs. Our accomplished essayists will demonstrate you that high caliber and selectiveness is a trademark of our items. We can ensure your secrecy and guarantee you exacting on time conveyance. There are numerous purposes behind EssayLib.com to turn into your preferred exploration proposition composing administration, yet all we are asking you â⬠simply check out us!
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Wish Fulfillment in Modern Film Essay Example For Students
Wish Fulfillment in Modern Film Essay Since the time the beginning of the Roaring 20s?, Americans have had an interest with the film business and all the fancy odds and ends that accompany it. Indeed, even today, we become fixated on celebrities, the entertainers and on-screen characters who star in these movies. We long for their charming lives and we start to see them not as individuals, however as really first class people. There have been innumerable instances of this in history famous actors whose lives are attacked by fans, paparazzi, and other media masters who need so severely to know each consuming point of interest of their lives. In any case, on the off chance that we make a stride back for a second , we begin to acknowledge how strange this entire thought is. Our fixations on film characters, for the two kids and grown-ups, is, unavoidably, a fantastical dream of what we wish our lives could resemble. There are a wide range of features to these fantasies and expectations, regardless of whether its to be rich and well known, to experience passionate feelings for, seek retribution, or to just get yourself. Notwithstanding what the fantasy is, films have been and will always keep on being an outlet for journalists, makers, and film goers the same to breath life into those fantasies, regardless of whether just for an hour or two. Taking a gander at a portion of the examination that our class aggregated over the recent weeks, I understood that in both childrens and grown-ups films, there were a couple of comparative topics that emerged in regards to wish satisfaction. One of these was discovering genuine romance. Between 12 children films and 12 grown-up motion pictures, there were 6 in every classification that had the topic of discovering genuine affection?. This information doesn't astound me by any means, because of the way that affection has consistently been a noticeable topic with regards to the film business. Regardless of whether youre 42 and viewing Gone with the Wind or 5 and watching Cinderella, it doesnt matter on the grounds that sooner or later, Clark Gable and Prince Charming are going to appear and deeply inspire the young lady in an excessively emotional and pleasant sentimental scene, consoling the watcher that genuine affection exists. Particularly for ladies and young ladies, I imagine that this dynamic in movies can really be to some degree hurtful. Not to state that there arent men out there that will appear with a glass shoe at the strike of 12 PM to take you off into the nightfall in a pumpkin carriage made by your pixie back up parent all Im saying is that for most of ladies, this perfect love scene is ridiculous and gives us a misrepresentation for this present reality and a foggy perspective on what becoming hopelessly enamored should resemble?. Before I step over my overinflated ego, it ought to be noticed that these unreasonable love scenes are in childrens princess motion pictures, yet in grown-up motion pictures too. The main contrast a great deal of the time is that the essayists incorporate all the more genuine circumstances, clashes, and landscape, convincing the watcher to think these scenes are bound to occur, all things considered, and that, yet that it will transpire. This sets us up, unavoidably, for disappointment in the adoration office. Presently, in numerous young ladies and youthful womens minds, we cannot begin to look all starry eyed at somebody except if they are totally etched, enchanting, unconstrained, sentimental, and fruitful. Rather, regardless of whether the correct person comes along, our cerebrum (the film business) instructs us to drive him away in light of the fact that the privilege ? fellow is hanging tight out there for you, he just doesnt know it yet or is too modest to even consider saying something. Also, far and away superior, one of the more ordinarily saw generalizations, is the (for absence of a superior word) shabby? man, who becomes hopelessly enamored with a lady who is too acceptable to even think about manipulating or bring home the main night and never call again. Rather, the person changes for her, and they wind up falling frantically enamored, him an eternity changed man. .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .postImageUrl , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:hover , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:visited , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:active { border:0!important; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:active , .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3814d06beb9125fab 8d6adaed83976dd .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3814d06beb9125fab8d6adaed83976dd:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Compare how the initial scene of Romeo and Juliet is depicted in Luhrmanns 1997 film and Zefferelis 1968 rendition, which adaptation is increasingly effective? EssayThis sort of depiction is found in Crazy, Stupid, Love,? with Ryan Gosling as the masochistic women man and Emma Stone as the distinct advantage?. Shockingly, I myself succumb to this adoration trap in films. Be that as it may, on the off chance that anything, particularly subsequent to examining this subject in class and now composing and exploring about it, I have another point of view on everything, and am ready to acknowledge films for what they are and what they dep ict, just as the unique individuals throughout my life at the present time and for quite a long time to come. On the off chance that everybody could adopt this strategy and separate individuals in film from individuals as a general rule, I need to accept that society, in their sentimental lives at any rate, would work somewhat more typically. Another repetitive topic that sprung up in our group information was a blend of three things: vanquishing fiendish/trouble makers, being a legend/making all the difference, and a longing for activity and experience. Out of the 12 childrens motion pictures, there were 9 that demonstrated each of the three of these classes and out of 12 grown-up motion pictures, 7 indicated overcoming underhanded, 7 demonstrated making all the difference, and 8 indicated want for activity and experience (View and Discuss). Once more, I am not astounded by this information by any stretch of the imagination. For kids, the trouble makers for the most part show kids what NOT to do, and are later given ramifications for their activities. The legend? of the film for the most part makes all the difference and gives a case of what TO do (the inverse for the most part of whatever the trouble maker was doing). All together for the entirety of this to occur however, there for the most part must be a contention or something to that affect and an excursion wherein the fundamental characters attempt and work their way through everything. This excursion is generally loaded up with hindrances that should be survived and hardship that the characters must work through. This identical dynamic is followed in grown-up motion pictures, with the exception of by and by, to keep the consideration of the significantly more scholarly crowd, the plot is thickened and made progressively reasonable so we intellectually put ourselves in the circumstance and watch the film just as it is us in the characters shoes, thinking about what will occur straightaway. Before the finish of the film, regardless of whether youre a kid or a grown-up, you feel a feeling of strengthening and triumph both for yourself and towards the fanciful character. Defeating the trouble maker in any film is continually going to cause us to feel great, particularly with the measure of strife the character experienced to arrive. We as a general public will in every case long for a glad consummation, and in the event that we dont get it, were normally not fulfilled, and that is the place the low appraisals end up in the film business. As ridiculous all things considered to get a glad completion in certain films, for example, Transformers (where outsider robot vehicles essentially assume control over the world) or Titanic (do I truly need to clarify? , the film business consistently has a method of convoluting it and giving the crowd what they need. Once more, I could state this gives us a misguided feeling of trust in what truly occurs, be that as it may, with regards to activity films and over the top miscreants, I think we better understand the fact of these things really happening is considerably less, implying that these sorts of motion pictur es, particularly for grown-ups, is only a type of amusement, not really an exceptionally practical type of wish satisfaction. Certainly, we all couldn't want anything more than to be Superman or Spiderman, flying everywhere throughout the world and shooting networks from our fingertips, however we additionally realize that these sorts of things will never occur, and there is no damage in letting our minds go crazy on occasion! I think generally, all motion pictures truly are is a route for us to take a break from reality for an hour or two (or three if youre the Titanic or The Sound of Music). .u4e23e0a23a29528d3af3ba15ba0ac698 , .u4e23e0a23a29528d3af3ba15ba0ac698 .postImageUrl , .u4e23e0a23a29528d3af3ba15ba0ac698 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e23e0a23a29528d3af3ba15ba0ac698 , .u4e2
Friday, August 21, 2020
The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School Essay Example for Free
The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School Essay Dialects are ot just a strategy for communicating feelings yet additionally a wellspring of data about in any case obscure social orders and societies. Bilingual dialects furnish people with broadened relational abilities along these lines upgrading their capacities to convey and comprehend words than our family language. As model, in Malaysias schools, understudies are study English language as their bilingual language. This show bilingual instruction is significant for our future. In this way, what are the advantages of bilingual instruction in school? The upsides of bilingual ducation in school are we have high chances to new position markets, more decisions in assets of examining and simpler to gain proficiency with extra dialects. An individual who communicates in two dialects is worth two man, said my bilingual language educator. This is on the grounds that that individual is have a capacity to address non-local individual and have the option to peruse some data on the papers in other language than their family language. Thusly, the upsides of having these sort of capacities, we have high chances to new position showcases because of the need to an individual who is educated n bilingual language. Individuals with bilingual language aptitudes are viewed as an advantage for an association. It helps better comprehension since it gives people a more extensive view. As indicated by Argumentative Essay Examples, 28 September 2011 by Jmssilverstone, Since Spanish broadly spoken and comprehended in different piece of the United States particularly here in New Mexico, learning Spanish would bolster the understudies to augment their groups of friends and lead to increasingly social communication. This show learning in bilingual instruction gives us a great deal of advantages and simple to include in ny works in our businesses. Hence, bilingual instruction in school give us high chances to new position markets. All in all, the execution of bilingual instruction in school ought to be take ceaselessly in every nation since it has different brilliant points of interest, for example, have high chances to new position markets, more decisions in assets of considering and simpler to become familiar with extra dialects. I trust that everybody will appreciate to concentrate in the bilingual instruction framework in their schools so they can have these advantages.
Saturday, June 20, 2020
The Gift of Teaching
à ââ¬Å"In addition to using the right teaching method and having patience while children mature, we must also have the right attitude in coaching our students.â⬠ââ¬â Andrew Pudewa à As the Christmas season settles itself upon the whole of Western civilization, perhaps it is fitting for us to wrap our chilled hands around a warm mug and contemplate the value of what we do when we teach. What is teaching, after all? Is it merely an act of a social machine, intent on turning out eighteen-year-old human products? Is it a right for students, to be demanded and given at the will of children? Is it a tool of marketing and social engineering, to be shaped by special interests and would-be employers of the future? Or is it something else entirely at its core? As we ponder this conundrum, consider the following: In order to teach, teachers must have something timely to teach, envision how their efforts will improve their student, and have the willingness to see the arduous process through. A teacher must teach the right thing at the right time. This often comes in terms of knowledge, comprehension, or application. Knowledge, facts and figures, makes comprehension possible. Comprehension opens the door for a student to make appropriate applications. As they coach their charges, wise teachers address those things that students can control, like making sure that theyââ¬â¢ve done everything on their Structure and Styleâ⠢ checklist and making sure that they have the knowledge they need to do each part of the process. Once students know what they need to do, teachers must be patient enough to hold back their comments on things that are less easily explained, such as what facts a student chooses for his Unit 4 assignment. Even though the teacher is convinced that a better choice exists, if she is patient enough to allow the student room to practice and grow in his comprehension prior to requiring him to have fully mature application, the student will benefit. So, teac hing requires the teacher to impart to her students what they need when they need it. Teaching is an investment in the studentââ¬â¢s development, and great teachers use their time and energy for long-term results. Looking far down the road of the future to an as-yet-unrealized reality exemplifies the goal of the teacher: an improvement in her student. The very act of teaching communicates an intentional faith that another person has the value and capacity to learn, grow, and improve from where he is now. This is grace and love at its finest in humanity: to look at a person not as he is, but as he will become, and to act accordingly. Because teachers must have a high level of care for their students, teaching requires instructors to share something of themselves over the long haul. As such, teaching is selfless. Caring teachers have diligence enough to help, even when doing so is inconvenient. Great teachers have humility enough to be willing to communicate the same things over and over again with patience and kindness. Ideally and courageously, teachers correct and hold studentsââ¬â¢ work to clearly communicated standards so that learners know what is expected of them. Having tenacity enough to persevere, teachers send work that is incomplete back to the student over and over again until he gets it right. The best teachers even have the humility to admit to the student when they havenââ¬â¢t been as patient as they ought to be. All of this is selfless, and all of this requires a teacher to make a choice to continue on or to give up. Great teachers impart to the student what he needs when he needs it. They share patient, caring instruction for the studentââ¬â¢s ultimate benefit. They make the selfless choice to continue even when the road is bumpy and winding. Having something to share, doing what is best for the recipient, and willingly sacrificing for him are all elements of perhaps one of the greatest themes of the Christmas season: giving. To teach is to give a gift. à Nathan King, the customer marketing manager for IEW, grew up as the son of a pastor in Wichita, Kansas. Following his graduation from Manhattan Christian College and Kansas State University with a degree in secondary education in history, he worked for thirteen years as a youth pastor in his hometown. Since he began working for IEW, Nathan has enjoyed both the marketing and customer service sides of his position. Nathan and his wife of thirteen years, Melissa, homeschool their four children, but it is his amazing wife that does the lionââ¬â¢s share of this vital mission! Log in or register to post commentsNathan Kings blog Log in or register to post comments
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Analysis Of The Book The Quartet And Thomas Jefferson
Two ââ¬Å"Revolutionsâ⬠ââ¬â 3/2/16 ââ¬â Cassie Young In the books The Quartet and Thomas Jefferson, Joseph Ellis and Joyce Appleby discuss their thoughts on two important moments in American history and how they believe them to be revolutionary. The Quartet describes the political situation of the United States immediately following the American Revolution and how it made the transformation from a confederation into a republic. To do this, it follows the actions of four prominent men ââ¬â George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison ââ¬â as they work toward their goal of bringing about a new national government and discusses nationalism, issues such as economics and expansion, and arguments about personal, state, and federal powers. He argues that the debate over the Constitution was between ââ¬Å"nationalistsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"confederationistsâ⬠, that the second Revolution was a by-product of the first in that it took the systems o f the newly-independent states and reworked them into a coherent national collective, and that without this change, the United States couldnââ¬â¢t have become a modern model of government. Thomas Jefferson focuses instead on the life and political career of Jefferson, his personal ideologies, and his actions while in office. Appleby seems especially interested in how his views were alike and divergent from the opinions of his contemporaries. Though many historians dismiss the claim, she regards Jeffersonââ¬â¢s description of his election as ââ¬Å"real a revolution inShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War : The United States6683 Words à |à 27 Pagesfactors explaining the geographic divide, including sectionalism, protectionism and state s rights. Sectionalism. Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South. The fourth in this quartet is the theory of state sovereignty, also known as the Calhoun doctrine, named after the South Carolinian political theorist and statesman John C. Calhoun. Rejecting the arguments for federal authority or self-government, state sovereignty wouldRead MoreThe American Civil War : The United States8725 Words à |à 35 Pagesslavery were among those opposed to any such right to bring slaves and slavery into the free states and territories. The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857 bolstered the Southern case within territories, and angered the North. The fourth in this quartet is the theory of state sovereignty, also known as the Calhoun doctrine, named after the South Carolinian political theorist and statesman John C. Calhoun. Rejecting the arguments for federal authority or self-government, state sovereignty would
Economics Crude Oil in the Global Economy
Question: Discuss about theEconomics for Crude Oil in the Global Economy. Answer: Introduction Part 1 The price of crude oil has been falling over a considerable period of time. In 2015, the opening price of crude oil was relatively low as compared with the previous years and by the end of the year, the price was even lower the lowest since 2009 (Cunningham, 2015). The demand for crude oil in the global economy has been rising in the year 2015 though the growth in demand has slowed down thereafter (Ellyatt, 2015). This rising demand is mainly due to the rise in crude oil demand by the largest consumer of the product, that is, the U.S. where the oil demand is driving up due to falling prices and rising incomes (Clemente, 2015). The economic theory of the Law of Demand supports this relationship between the prices and the demand for crude oil. The law of demand states that the demand for a commodity is inversely related to its price. In 2015, the price of crude oil has dropped and the demand for the same has increased which reflects the inverse relationship given by the law of demand. This is illustrated in the following diagram: Figure 1.1 shows the inverse demand curve DD which represents the relationship between the price of crude oil and the quantity demanded of crude oil. When the price falls from P to P, the quantity demanded increases from Q to Q; hence the quantity demanded of crude oil increases as the price falls in the year 2015 (Krauss, 2016). Oil prices fell by 30%. Oil demand has risen by 2%. The price elasticity of the demand for oil will be given as, = (2 / 30) = 0.067 The elasticity is negative because of the inverse relationship between price and demand. From the given data, the absolute price elasticity of demand is 0.067. This implies that the price elasticity of demand for crude oil is very low, that is, the demand for crude oil is relatively price inelastic the proportional increase in the demand for oil is much less than the proportional fall in the price of the same (Varian, 2009). The opinion stated in Source 1 is generally true, that is, when a commodity is cheap the demand is very high whereas when the same commodity is more expensive, the demand is much lower. However, this is not true in case of crude oil. This is because crude oil is a necessary or an essential commodity and hence the price elasticity of demand for crude oil should be generally low (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009). As the price of crude oil falls the demand for crude oil increases, but not by a very large extent. Similarly, as the price of crude oil increases the demand for crude oil falls, but not significantly. The proportional change in the quantity demanded of crude oil is much lower relative to the proportional change in the price since crude oil is an essential commodity in the global economy (Mankiw, 2014). Hence the given statement does not hold true for crude oil. The decision of increasing or decreasing oil prices would depend on the given circumstances. However, an oil producer should be advised to increase oil prices from the profit-maximisation perspective. This is because the price elasticity of demand for oil is low. When the price of oil increases, the demand for crude oil will fall but less than proportionately. Hence, the total revenue which is given as the product of the price and the quantity will ultimately increase thereby increasing the profits of the oil producer (Krugman and Wells, 2014). This can be explained with the following diagram: The inelastic demand curve in Figure 1.4 represents the inverse demand function for crude oil. When the price is P, the quantity demanded is Q. The total revenue is hence given by the area (B + C). When the price increases to P, the quantity demanded falls to Q. The new total revenue is given by the area (A + B). Thus, the total revenue falls by the area C and increases by the area A. Clearly, the area A is greater than the area C. Hence, the total revenue ultimately increases by the area (A C); A C. Thus, an oil producer should increase the oil price to increase his revenue and profits from oil production (Kreps, 2012). The introduction of shale oil production in 2008 has improved the productivity in the oil industry. This should result in an increase in the price elasticity of supply of oil (Colander, 2012). This is because when shale oil is introduced, the production of oil will increase considerably given that other resources in oil production are constant. With improved productivity, the production and supply of oil will be able to readily adjust to changing prices. The price elasticity of supply is positive because supply increases with a rise in the price (Varian, 2009). When the price of crude oil increases, given the demand, the supply will increase more than it would before the introduction of shale oil production. PART 2 The supermarket industry as a whole represents an Oligopoly market structure. However, Coles and Woolworths being the two major firms in the industry, the contribution of the others are so less in aggregate that the industry can be termed a Duopoly market. The prices in the market are determined according to the two supermarkets. Their price decisions influence the price and the quantity demanded and supplied in the entire industry, that is, they control the entire industry with respect to farming as well as dairy products. Coles and Woolworths account for 80% of the market share of the Australian food sector. Entry of new firms into the supermarket industry is restricted because of the two existing giants. The demand curve faced by the industry is downward sloping. Hence the supermarket industry is essentially an Oligopoly market though effectively a Duopoly where Coles and Woolworths are the two firms (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009). Supermarket firms like Coles and Woolworths engage in a discount price war in order to increase their market share. When the demand for a certain commodity is relatively price inelastic, reducing the price will lead to a fall in the overall revenue. Hence, a price discount war is healthy from the business perspective of the supermarkets as long as a fall in the price increases the demand considerably such that the overall revenue increases. When one reduces its price, the other will immediately follow so as to maintain its market share or avoid incurring losses. Thus, price discount war is healthy up to a certain level beyond which it should be avoided (Mankiw, 2014). This can be explained with the help of the following diagram: Figure 2.2 represents a kinked demand curve faced by each of the firms. At higher prices, a firm faces a relatively elastic demand curve and at lower prices the firm faces a relatively inelastic demand curve. Prices will stabilize and an equilibrium can be established at the point where the discontinuous MR curve intersects the MC curve, that is, at price P* with a quantity Q*. Once the firms charge the price P*, there will be little or no incentive to reduce or alter prices any further without losing out on profits. During such periods of relative price stability it will be in the interest of Coles and Woolworths to engage in non-price competition to boost their profits. A price discount war is a short term phenomenon under the kinked demand curve theory (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009). The market for vegetables provided by farmers is a perfectly competitive market structure. As is evident from the given data, the number of farms supplying vegetables to the market is considerably huge and they cater to almost the entire mass of population via retain markets and supermarkets. All farmers produce and supply homogenous products and the price at which they supply the vegetables to the market is fixed at determined at the industry level, that is, it is given to them. Any new farmer can begin vegetable farming and supply it to the market without incurring any additional costs and if existing farmers make losses, they can stop vegetable farming to avoid further losses. Hence, the market for vegetables provided by farmers operates under perfect competition (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009). Individual vegetable producers would incur losses as a result of falling prices for their products. This is illustrated with the help of the following diagram: Figure 2.4 represents the market structure for an individual vegetable farmer. When price is P*, the profit maximising output is Q*. Due to the price discount war adopted by the supermarkets, whenever the price falls to P, the profit maximising output for the individual firm falls to Q. This results in a reduction of profits and in fact a loss for the individual producer. However, at this price, the producer is still being able to cover the average variable cost and hence will continue producing (Varian, 2009). But if the price falls further, say to P AVC, the vegetable farmer would stop production completely. For the farmers whose cost structure is such that a fall in price reduces the price below the average variable cost, the production of vegetables will have to be stopped to incur further losses (Kreps, 2012). Hence, in the long run, small farmers who operate at the margin will be forced to leave. If significant improvement in technologies can be made, individual farmers can overcome the price falls and stay in business in the long run (Krugman and Wells, 2014). This is because technological improvements reduce the costs incurred by the individual firms. This is illustrated in the following diagram: Improvements in technology reduce the costs faced by individual farms such that the MC curve shifts to MC and the AVC curve shifts to AVC. Thus when the price falls to P the profit-maximising quantity increases. The fall in price may still reduce the profit but not as much as when the costs were high (Mankiw, 2014). Hence, firms will be able to recover the average variable cost and will stay in business over the long run. References Colander, D. (2012). Microeconomics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Kreps, D. (2012). Microeconomic Foundations I: Choice and Competitive Markets. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2014). Microeconomics. 4th ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Mankiw, N. (2014). Principles of Microeconomics. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2009). Micreconomics. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Varian, H. (2009). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company. Clemente, J. (2015). Rising U.S Oil Demand in 2015 and Beyond. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2015/06/21/u-s-oil-demand-in-2015-and-beyond/#4f02212c2737 [Accessed 27 September 2016]. Cunningham, N. (2015). Top Five Factors Affecting Oil Prices in 2015. [online] OILPRICE.COM. Available at: https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Top-Five-Factors-Affecting-Oil-Prices-In-2015.html [Accessed 27 September 2016]. Ellyatt, H. (2015). Oil demand growth to slow, IEA says, but is OPEC listening? [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/13/oil-demand-growth-to-slow-iea-says-but-is-opec-listening.html [Accessed 27 September 2016]. Krauss, C. (2016). Oil Prices: Whats Behind the Drop? Simple Economics. New York Times, [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/business/energy-environment/oil-prices.html?_r=0 [Accessed 27 September 2016].
Saturday, April 18, 2020
Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Thesis Maker
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